Accelerometers measure the acceleration of a structure in one or multiple directions. They can detect vibrations and changes in velocity due to dynamic loads.

Applications:Used to measure vibrations and structural responses in bridges, high-rise buildings, and dams under wind, traffic, or seismic loads.

Piezoelectric materials (like quartz or certain ceramics) produce an electrical charge when they are mechanically deformed. The amount of charge is directly proportional to the force or pressure applied. This makes piezo sensors ideal for dynamic monitoring, as they can detect rapid changes in force or pressure and convert them into a measurable electrical signal.

Applications:Piezo sensors can detect even small changes in dynamic forces, vibrations, and impacts, making them ideal for early detection of structural issues.

An embeddable piezo composite concrete vibration sensor for structural health monitoring of reinforced concrete.

Applications: Used to measure vibrations and structural responses in bridges, high-rise buildings, and dams under wind, traffic, or seismic loads.

Acoustic emission sensors detect the high-frequency waves emitted by cracks or other stress-induced events in materials. These sensors are particularly useful for detecting the initiation and growth of structural damage.

Applications: Used for real-time monitoring of cracks or faults in critical structures like bridges, dams, and buildings under dynamic loads.

Seismometers measure ground motion or structural vibration caused by seismic events or other dynamic forces. They are highly sensitive to even small vibrations.

Applications:Used for monitoring the dynamic response of buildings, bridges, or dams during earthquakes or seismic activity.